Features of Java 7

Initially Java 7 was proposed to have many new features such as

1. Modularization
2. Anonymous methods (closures)
3. Simplifications in generics implementations
4. Enhanced exception handling
5. Strings in switch statements
6. Dynamic languages support
7. Simplified initialization of collections
8. Elvis operators
9. API changes

Out of above listed features a few were dropped from actual release of Java 7 and they are supposed to be released as part of Java 8. And they are 

1. Anonymous methods (closures)
2. Simplified initialization of collections
3. Elvis operators

New features in Java 7

1. Change in language syntax
• Constants
  • Binary constants
  • Underscore in numeric constants
• Strings in switch statement
• Extended try catch
• Multi-catch
• Diamond operator
2. Better support of dynamic languages
   • New bytecode  instruction
   • New dynamic linkage mechanism
3. JDBC 4.1
• try-with-resources statement
• RowSet 1.1
4. NIO 2
   • Comes with a set of views
   • New abstract class java.nio.file.Path
   • Notion of metadata
5. Updates in Swing API
6. Unicode 6
7. Updates in concurrency package
8. Automatic resource closure

Read more on Oracle site.